The core concept of the mentioned application architectures is to make the business logic independent from communication with the outside world (disk, network, UI, etc). It’s achieved by applying the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) at the architectural level. Exactly the same concept is used in MIM (Module Infrastructure-Module Application Architecture). Thanks to that, all these architectures solved the problem of low testability, which was intrinsic to the classical Three-tier Architecture.
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全年农作物受灾面积607万公顷，其中绝收69万公顷。因洪涝和地质灾害造成直接经济损失1666亿元，因干旱灾害造成直接经济损失86亿元，因低温冷冻和雪灾造成直接经济损失9亿元，因海洋灾害造成直接经济损失89亿元。共发生5.0级以上地震11次，各级地震共造成直接经济损失97亿元。共发生森林火灾225起，受害森林面积约0.5万公顷。